Trauma and abuse in a dysfunctional family is defined as anything less than nurturing on the part of the caregiver. It is created within a child's relationship with their caregivers when either the parent or caregiver is too close and intrusive (enmeshment) or too far away (abandonment or neglect).
Caregivers can be parents, grandparents, childcare workers, teachers, scout leaders, clergy, coaches, etc. Below are some examples of these relationship dynamics:
ENMESHMENT
Physical
- Use of implements, face slapping, shaking, hair pulling, head banging, and tickling a child into hysteria
- Having a child physically nurture a parent
- Intrusive procedures (i.e., enemas)
Sexual
- Intercourse, oral sex, masturbation, sexual touching known as fondling, sexual kissing, and hugging
- Voyeurism, exhibitionism, verbal sexual trauma
- Failure to have sexual boundaries in the presence of a child and
- Having a child witness sexual trauma
Emotional/Sexual
- Enmeshment by the parent or primary caregiver
Intellectual
- Attacking, shaming, or over-control of the child's expression of thought